降低肉鸡氮磷排放量和粪中有害气体散发量的饲料配制

Dietary Formulation to Reduce Excretion of Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Fecal Odor Emission in Broilers

本文旨在探讨降低肉鸡氮磷排放量和粪中有害气体散发量的饲料配制技术。选用288只1日龄AA肉公鸡,随机分成3个处理组,每个处理设6个重复,每个重复16只鸡。试验饲粮分别为:(1)玉米-普通豆粕饲粮作为对照组(含抗生素);(2)低磷、低蛋白玉米-去皮豆粕基础饲粮(不含抗生素)中添加0.2 g/kg植酸酶和0.5 g/kg复合酶,设为试验饲粮Ⅰ;(3)在试验饲粮Ⅰ中添加0.3%果寡糖和0.1%益生素,设为试验饲粮Ⅱ。结果表明:(1)饲喂试验饲粮肉鸡的增重速度达到甚至高于对照组;(2)试验饲粮有增加采食量和降低料重比的趋势,但与对照组差异均不显著(P>0.05);(3)试验饲粮Ⅰ使氮和磷排放量分别降低37.05%(P<0.05)和23.70%(P<0.05),试验饲粮Ⅱ使氮、磷排放量分别降低41.05%(P<0.05)和33.94%(P<0.05);(4)试验饲粮Ⅰ使发酵粪中NH3和H2S的散发量分别降低56.76%(P<0.05)和45.76%(P<0.05),试验饲粮Ⅱ使发酵粪中NH3和H2S的散发量分别降低80.04%(P<0.05)和64.37%(P<0.05)。饲喂添加植酸酶和复合酶及果寡糖和益生素的低磷、低蛋白玉米-去皮豆粕饲粮,在保证生产性能不低于饲喂玉米-普通豆粕饲粮肉鸡的基础上,可有效降低其氮磷排放量和粪中有害气体散发量。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the formulation of experimental diets and the effects on growth performance, output of nitrogen and phosphorus, and fecal odor emission of broilers. Two hundred and eighty-eight newlyhatched AA broilers were used and randomly allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments with 6 replications of 16 birds, The three experimental diets were 1） control, corn-regular soybean meal diet with antibiotics; 2） treatment Ⅰ , low-phosphorus and low-protein corn-dehulled soybean meal diet （without antibiotics） supplemented with 500 PTU/kg phytase and 0.2 g/kg compound enzymes; 3） treatment Ⅱ , diets of treatment Ⅰ supplemented with 0.3% fructodigosaccharide and 0.1% probiotics. The results showed that 1） average daily gain was slightly higher in broilers fed with experimental diets than that in control group and much more significant effect （P〈0.05） was observed at age of 0-3 week due to the addition of enzymes, probiotics and prebiotics; 2） there was no significant dietary effect （P〉0.05） in ADFI and FCR; 3）the output of nitrogen and phosphorus as well as fecal emission of ammonia and sulfureted hydrogen were decreased by 37.05% （P〈0.05）, 23.70% （P〈0. 05） and 56.76% （P〈0. 05）, 45.76% （P〈0. 05） in treatment Ⅰ , respectively; 4） the corresponding decreases in treatment Ⅱ were 41.05% （P〈0.05）, 33.94% （P〈0.05） and 80.04% （P〈0.05）, 64.37% （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, compared with corn-regular soybean meal diet, two treatment diets had no significant effects on growth performance but significantly decreased the output of nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as fecal odor emission.