38例吸附百白破疫苗接种副反应分析和预防对策

Study of the adverse reactions from adsorbed Diphtheria-Pertussis- Tetanus vaccine administration in 38 cases and countermeasures against such adverse reactions

目的 探讨吸附百白破疫苗预防接种副反应的原因和预防对策。方法2004年6月～2005年5月在我院预防接种门诊接种吸附百白破疫苗3507例，出现副反应38例，副反应发生率为1．08％。对这38例副反应情况进行回顾性分析总结。结果18～24月龄加强免疫组儿童副反应发生率、局部反应发生率、全身反应发生率均明显高于3～6月龄基础免疫组儿童（P〈0．01），炎热季节副反应发生率高于其它季节（P〈0．01）。结论接种吸附百白破疫苗时要注意充分摇匀药液，选择正确的接种部位和接种途径，确保注入肌内；要严格消毒接种部位，并做好接种前后的卫生保健宣教工作。

Objective The aim of the text is to probe into the causes and the preventive measures of the adverse reactions after injection of adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine. Methods From June, 2004 to May, 2005, 3057 cases were inoculated with adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine in the Outpatient Service Department of our hospital, among which 38 cases had the adverse reactions indicating the total occurrence of 1.08%. Then, a retrospective and summative analysis was performed based on the 38 cases with the adverse reactions or side reactions. Results The adverse reaction rate, including the partial reaction rate and the systemic reaction rate in the 18 - month to 24 - month children in the strengthening immunization group, is obviously higher than that in the 3-month to 6-month children in the basic immunization group （P 〈 0.01）. Besides, the adverse reaction rate in hot seasons is higher than that in the other seasons （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusions Before performing the inoculation of adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine, the fluid preparation of the vaccine must be shaken well. In order to make that the vaccine enters into muscles, a proper vaccination site and a correct vaccination way should also be chosen. The vaccination site must be strictly disinfected. In addition, it needs to do well in the medical care and the propaganda work around the vaccination.