國家知識產權局第80號公告的效力問題及其解決

The Issue of Validity of SIPO＇s Gazette No.80 and Its Solution

宪法具有最高的法律效力，违反宪法的法律、行政法规没有法律效力。然而，目前有关的违宪审查机制尚不够完备，需要在国家法治建设进程中逐步完善。在各国的法治建设进程中，一些典型的事件对於奠定法治基础作用甚大。比如，十九世纪＂Marbury vs Madison案件＂开创了司法审查的先例，对美国的法治建设作用甚巨。2003年由＂孙志刚事件＂引发的三博士上书全国人大常委会，导致了《城市流浪乞讨人员收容遣送办法》的废止，也将被记入中国依法治国的历史之中。笔者认为，探讨国家知识产权局第80号公告（以下简称＂80号公告＂）中涉及专利权期限的效力问题，不仅仅是《专利法》范围的问题。同时对整个法律制度也具有重大意义。笔者希望通过对80号公告效力的探讨，使专利权期限的问题得以澄清；同时，笔者更加希望，通过解决80号公告的合法性问题，促进完善我国的违宪审查机制。

The Constitution is of supreme legal force. It is a common sense knowledge that any law and administrative regulations contrary to it are not valid legally. To be frank, however, it is an arduous and gradual process to build up a nation under the rule of law. Some typical events or cases often play a tremendous role in laying the foundation of the rule of law in the law-making process in various nations. As a case in point, Marbury v. Madison, a precedent of judicial review, in the 19th century, has contributed greatly to the promotion of the rule of law in the U.S.. In 2003, three Ph.D. scholars wrote to the Standing Committee of the National People＇s Congress because of the ＂Sun Zhigang Event＂1, which resulted in the abolishment of the Measures for Housing and Sending Back TrampsNagrants and Beggars in Urban Areas. This event will be kept in the history of the governance under the rule of law in China. For this writer, exploration in the issue relating to the validity of duration of patent referred to in the State Intellectual Property Office＇s （SIPO） Gazette No.80 （hereinafter referred to as Gazette No. 80） involves an issue within the Patent Law, and, as well, of great significance to the entire legal system. These writers hope to clarify the issue of duration of the patent right by exploring the validity of Gazette No. 80. They also hope to promote the amplification of the mechanism for review of unconsttutional actions in China.