血管性认知损害特点的横断面研究

A cross-section research on characteristics of vascular cognitive impairment

目的利用神经心理学检查方法对血管性认知损害的特点进行研究。方法为横断面比较研究。对40例有血管性认知障碍的老年人和30例无脑血管病病史的老年人(对照组)首先利用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)排除严重抑郁对认知功能的影响,然后利用简明精神智能量表(MMSE)、瑞文标准推理测验进行评价。结果两组间HAMD评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);MMSE检查病例组在总分、注意计算、书写能力、言语复述、结构能力等方面差于对照组(P<0.01),MMSE其余各项评分与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);瑞文推理联合型测验(CRT)总答对题目数及IQ评分病例组显著低于正常对照组(P<0.01)。结论血管性认知损害(VCI)患者存在不同程度的多种认知功能损害,在早期可能记忆功能损伤表现并不明显,但注意计算、结构能力、认知推理能力障碍在VCI的早期表现已较为突出。

Objective To study the characteristics of cognitive function about vascular cognitive impairment（VCI） using neuropsychological tests. Methods The study employed a cross-section design. Fourty patients with vascular cognitive impairment and 30 controled individuals without cerehrovascular disease were tested by various instruments. First, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale （HAMD） was used to exclude the effect of cognitive function caused by serious depression, then the Mini Mental State Examination（MMSE） ,Combined Raven＇s Test（CRT） were used. Results The difference of scores in HAMD was not found（P〉0.05） in both groups. The Mini Mental State Examination（MMSE） showed that the total score, attention calculation, verbal retrieval,writing, painting of the VCI group were significantly lower than those of the controled group（P〈0.01）, but no difference in the remainder raw scores of MMSE was found between the two groups（P〉0.05）. The VCI subjects also performed significantly lower in the total score and intelligence quotient in the test CRT compared with those of the controls（P〈0.01）. Concision The patients with vascular cognitive impairment may suffer from various degrees of cognitive impairment. The decline in attention, calculation, verbal retrieval, writing, painting, cognitive reasoning of VCI is significant, but not in memory.