社会主义市场经济视阈下的功利主义的重现与批判

The Reappearance and Criticism on Utilitarianism in Socialist Market Economy

当前西方功利主义再度引起学术界的关注,一些人看到了功利主义与我国市场经济的某种程度的契合,就片面地认为功利主义应当是中国社会主义市场经济条件下占主导地位的伦理观。文章认为这种观点是不妥的,会在实践中引起混乱。作为产生于资本主义初、中期的资产阶级的伦理观,其理论体系中包含着很多自身无法克服的内在矛盾:个人利益最大化和社会利益最大化的矛盾、客观标准与主观体验的矛盾、利己主义与利他主义的矛盾等。尤其是与我国的社会主义经济基础也不具有一致性。尽管可以从其观点中批判地吸收某些合理因素,但是,将功利主义视为当前社会的主导伦理观则是偏激而不可取的。

At present, western utilitarianism draws the attention of the academic circles again. Seeing some coherence between utilitarianism and Chinese market economy, some people believe that utilitarianism should be the dominant ethical value in Chinese market economy. This article shows it＇s unreasonable and will cause confusion in the practice. Present at the beginning and the middle age of capitalism, this ethical value contains a lot of inevitable intern contradictions. They are the contradictions between the maximum of individual benefit and maximum of social benefit, objective criterion and subjective experience, individualism and altrusiom. Especially, there are conflicts of utilitarianism and socialistic economic foundation. Although some of its reasonable factors can be critically absorbed, utilitarianism should not become the fundamental ethical value of our present society.