护士工作倦怠及其影响因素评价

Job Burnout and Contributing Factors for Nurses

目的评价护士工作倦怠现状及其主要影响因素。方法从3所省市级医院随机抽取495名各科临床护士,采用M B I-G S、EPQ-RSC和O S I-R 3个量表对护士工作倦怠、人格特征、职业紧张和应对资源进行测量。结果外科和内科护士的工作倦怠高于其他科室护士(P<0.05);低年龄护士的工作倦怠感较强(P<0.05);学历越低的护士其专业低效能感越强(P<0.05);不同人格特征护士的工作倦怠感不同(P<0.05);职业紧张和应对资源的性质不同对护士工作倦怠的影响也不同,任务过重、责任感、任务不适和自我保健等是导致衰竭的主要预测变量(P<0.05),任务不适、任务冲突、责任感和自我保健是导致消极怠慢的主要预测变量(P<0.05),专业低效能感的主要预测变量为任务不适、社会支持和理性处事(P<0.05)。结论降低或保持适度职业任务量、职业责任感,明确工作要求和工作角色与职责,丰富业余生活、提高自我保健能力与理性处事能力是预防护士工作倦怠的重要措施。

Objective To investigate the degree of job burnout and contributing factors for nurses. Methods A total of 495 nurses from three provincial hospitals were randomly selected. The MBI-GS, EPQ-RSC and OSI-R were administered to measure job burnout, personality traits and occupational stress, respectively. Results The medical and surgical nurses had significant greater scores of job burnout than others （P〈0.05）. The poorer educational background was correlated with lower professional efficacy. The younger nurses had stronger feeling of job burnout. The scores of job burnout changed with different personality traits. The main contributing variables to exhaustion were overload, sense of responsibility, role insufficient and self-care （P〈0.05）. The main contributing variables to cynicism were role insufficiency, role boundary, sense of responsibility and self-care （P〈0.05）. The main contributing variables to professional inefficacy were role insufficiency, social support and rational/cognitive coping （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Job burnout for nurses can be prevented by reducing or keeping moderate professional duties and responsibility, making clearer job descriptions, promoting leisure activities, and enhancing self-care capabilities.