酥梨受精过程的观察

Observation on the fertilization process of Suli pear cultivar

选用中华玉梨、新水、红香酥、早酥4个品种的花粉给酥梨授粉,授粉后8、24、48、72、96h分别取样,然后进行固定、解离、染色等处理,制成压片和切片进行受精过程的观察,旨在探索酥梨授粉受精内在规律,为生产上促进酥梨授粉受精及提高坐果提供理论依据。结果表明:各授粉品种授粉后8h,花粉管即进入花柱,24h花粉管已布满子房组织中;酥梨以合点受精为主;各授粉品种与酥梨亲和力良好,完成受精时间为:中华玉梨48h、新水48h、红香酥72h、早酥72h,花后2周其花朵坐果率可达74.49%～87.26%。酥梨在花期温度不低于3.3℃的情况下,有利其完成授粉受精及坐果过程。

In this experiment, the pollens of Zhonghuayuli, Shinsui, Hongxiangsu, and Zaosu cuhivars were used to pollinate the Suli pear cuhivar. The pellens were taken to be fixed, dissociated and stained at 8, 24, 48, 72, 96 h respectively after pollinated, and were made into tablets and slicing to observe the process of fertilization. The result showed that after pollination for 8 h, the pollen tubes would enter into stylus and overspread the ovary tissue 24 h later. Each pollinating cuhivar had a good affinity to Suli pear cultivar. Zhonghuayuli, Shinsui, Hongxiangsu and Zaosu cuhivar were each to take about 48, 48, 72, 72 h to finish fertilization. Two weeks after blooming, the fruit set reached 74.49%-87.26%. For Suli cultivar, if the temperature is over 3.3 ℃ during the blossom period, the fertilization process will be well finished.