青海草本植物物候期变化与气象条件影响分析

Analysis of Phenological-Phase Variation of Herbage Plants over Qinghai and Impact of Meteorological Conditions

利用青海省8个农气观测站草本植物物候期观测资料,分析了草本植物物候期变化及其对气温、降水、日照变化的响应.结果表明：①草本植物物候期有明显的地域性.②青海草本植物物候现象生长期除河南、互助等地呈现出缩短趋势外,其余大部地区呈现出作物生长季延长的趋势.③草本植物物候对气温、降水、日照的响应：气温,对上年黄枯期月至当年各物候出现期上月平均气温升高1 ℃,草本植物物候期除个别地、个别物候期推迟（1～11 d） ,生长期缩短（5～9 d）,绝大部分地区草本植物物候期提早（2～12 d）, 生长期延长（3～13 d）; 降水,对上年黄枯期月至当年各物候出现期上月降水量增多10 mm,曲麻莱、互助萌动期提早2 d,湟源萌动期推迟1 d,甘德展叶期推迟3 d, 其余响应微弱;日照, 对上年黄枯期月至当年各物候出现期上月的日照时数增多10 h,各地个别物候期提早1 d, 其余响应微弱.

Through observing the phenological phase change of herbage plants in eight agriculture weather observation stations in Qinghai Province, the responses to meteorological condition change are analyzed. The results show that there was obvious regional difference; the lengths of phenological growth periods for most stations show a increasing trend, except Henan and Huzhu stations （a decreasing trend）. From the yellow-ripe stage of the previous year to the various phenological phases of the year, there are the following responses： the temperature rose 1 ℃ averagely and the phenological periods were 2 to 12 days earlier for most stations （except one or two cases） and the growth periods were 3 to 13 days lengthened; the rainfall increased 10 mm, correspondingly the sprouting periods being two days earlier at two station and one day later at one station, the leaf-expansion period being three days later, the others with no obvious response; the sunshine increased 10 hours, and the phenological phase was one day earlier at one or two cases and the others showed weak response.