棉花温敏雄性不育系“特棉S-1”的研究与利用

Studies on a Thermo-sensitive Male Sterility Cotton Variety Temian S-1 and Its Utilization

以新型高温敏雄性不育系特棉S-1为材料，研究了特棉S-1在自然生态条件下的生长发育规律和异交特性及所配制的杂交组合间的品比试验。结果表明：特棉S～1整个生育期为120d左右。各处理从播种到出苗所需的时间一般为4～5d，从出苗到现蕾一般为40～50d。通过近3年的大田试验，特棉S-1植株一般表现为7月上、中旬从第1果枝的第3果节和第2、3果枝的第1果节开始出现不育，该不育系不育的终止期在8月下旬。不同年份的不育始止期相差较小，且不育性状持续时间变化也较小，一般为42d，在此时期是特棉S-1最安全的杂交制种时间。在特棉S-1不育期间，不同日期的授粉成铃率无明显的差异。不同时间点的授粉成铃率差异达显著水平，以上午10：00—11：00时为最佳。在2003年，利用特棉S-1为母本配制了7个杂交组合，在各杂交组合的品比试验中以农杂310、313的表现最佳。

The growth and development trait, and cross-pollination characteristics and its hybridization combining ability of Temian S-1, a thermo-sensitive male sterility cotton variety were studied in 2002 -2004. The trial was arranged in accordance to the design of randomly plots and three replications in each plot. The results were as follows： The growth phase （from seedling to the first open boll） of Temian S-1 was about 120 days. It was about 4 or 5 days from sowing to seedling, and the period from seedling to squaring varied from 40 days to 50 days in different tests. Based on continuous 3 years observation, the length of sterile stage varied with external climatic conditions, the male sterility appearances were at the third node of the first branch and the first nodes of the second and third branches and in the middle of July, and the sterile period ended in the last ten days of August. It was about 42 days from beginning to ending period, which was similar among different years and the period was the best time for hybrid seeds producing. There is no obvious difference in setting ratio among different days of the sterile period, but there is obvious difference among different pollination times in the same day at 0.01 level, 10 or 11 am is the best time for pollination. Seven hybrid variety were obtained with Temian S-1 as parents in 2003, Nongza 310 and 313 were two better varieties.