钾营养对高品质棉不同部位棉铃发育及内源激素影响的研究

Effects of Potassium on Boll Development of Different Positions and Influence of Endogenous Hormone Mechanism in High Quality Cotton

研究了施钾量对高品质棉科棉3号不同部位棉铃发育及内源激素的影响。结果表明,钾肥能有效地促进棉铃体积增大、铃重提高,纤维长度变长和成熟度提高。增施钾肥能更有效的促进棉株上部棉铃发育,使上部铃体积、铃重、纤维长度和成熟度与中部差距缩小,但施钾也使麦克隆值增大,纤维增粗。氯化钾施用量在225和375 kg.hm-2时,上部铃体积比中部分别低6.75%和3.95%。而施钾量在225 kg.hm-2时,上部铃重比中部低4.50%,施钾量在375 kg.hm-2时,上部铃重反而比中部铃重高1.89%。生殖器官中钾的吸收能促进铃壳中IAA含量增加,纤维中ZR提高,铃壳中的IAA含量分别与棉铃体积、铃重呈极显著正相关(r=0.9647**,r=0.9145**),纤维中的ZR含量与纤维长度和成熟度分别呈显著和极显著正相关(r=0.8712*,r=0.9474**)。说明施用钾肥调节了棉铃内源激素系统,有利于诱导整株棉铃发育,提高铃重和整株纤维品质。

High quality cotton has shown different boll development and fiber quality, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of potassium on boll development of different positions and the influence of endogenous hormone mechanism in high quality cotton. The study was undertaken on a hybrid （Kemian 3） at Yangzhou University Farm, Yangzhou of Jiangsu Province, China, during 2003 and 2004. The results showed that potassium fertilizer application increased the boll size and boll weight effectively, especially for the bolls in the upper parts of the plant. While applying potassium fertilizer at 225,375kg · hm^-2, the volume of the bolls in the upper part of the plant were 6.75% and 3.95% lower than that of the middle part, respectively. Compared with the middle part, the upper boll weight of the cotton plant was 4.50% lower with potassium fertilization at 225 kg · hm^-2. whereas 1.89% higher with potassium fertilization at 3755 kg · hm^-2. That made the overall boll weight increase and got a higher lint yield. Potassium fertilizer application also increased the fiber length and maturity significantly, narrowed the fiber quality difference between the middle and upper plant. Potassium also increased micronaire value. The results also showed that the absorption of potassium at the reproductive organs increased the IAA content in boll husk and the ZR content in the fiber for the whole plant. There are significant positive correlation between the IAA content in boll husk and boll volume, boll weight, respectively （r=0. 9647^＊＊ ,r=0. 9145^＊＊ ）, significant positive correlation between theZR content in fiber and the fiber length, fiber maturity, respectively （r=0.8712^＊ ,r=0. 9474^＊＊ ）. These results suggested that potassium nourishment had changed the endogenous hormonal system, which induced boll development and bolstering boll weight and fiber quality for the whole plant.