新型木质纤维吸油材料的结构表征与性能研究

Characterization and Properties of a New Type Woody Fiber Oil Sorbent Material

将杉木TMP进行热解,制备出了新型木质纤维吸油材料。分析了吸油材料的主要元素含量、FT-IR、拉曼光谱和X射线衍射图谱,探讨其吸油吸水性能与热解温度的关系以及吸油材料的结构。结果表明,在350℃下热解纤维的吸油量与吸水量比值高达77.5,是未处理TMP的10.8倍,吸油选择性较高。热解后,吸油材料的热水、苯-醇和1%NaOH抽出物含量减少。纤维素、半纤维素、木素的分解,使—OH数量减少,热解物芳构化程度增加,吸油性提高。500℃时吸油材料出现少量石墨状微晶结构。

A new type woody fiber oil sorbent material was prepared by pyrolysis of Fir TMP, the relation between oil absorption ability of the pyrolyzed TMP and pyrolysis temperature and extractives contents were studied. Experiment results showed that the oil absorption ability of the pyrolyzed TMP is the best, the ratio of oil absorption to water absorption is 77.5：1, and oil absorption rate is 15.9 g/g when the pyrolysis of TMP is carried out at 350℃. Hot water and 1% NaOH extractives decrease with increasing temperature. Ethanol-benzene extractives decrease at 200℃～250℃ and then increase at 300℃. Significant decrease of ethanol-benzene extractives occurres at 400℃. FFIR results indicated cellulose and lignin decompose, and the amount of hydroxyl decreases at 500℃, therefore, lipephilic aromatic rings increase, these results indicated that the oil selectivity of pyrolyzed wood fiber depends on the increased hydrophobicity of pelysaccharides and a decrease of hydrophilic components. The XRD results showed that pyrolyzate at 400℃ cannot form crystal structure; but it forms few graphite-like micro-crystal at 500℃. Moreover, the lipephilic pyrolyzate on the fiber surface greatly affects oil selectivity.