雅斯贝尔斯自由教育哲学观论析

A Discussion on Jaspers' Liberal Education Philosophy

德国历史上著名的存在主义哲学家雅斯贝尔斯将教育纳入哲学的境界之中,他认为,人具有自由的同时必然地承担着对于自由的责任。由人性的自由及自由本身所负有的责任所决定,在教育过程中,教育者与受教育者都是自由的个人,他有权利决定自己的学习方式及教育教学方式。在这种以自由为基的教育当中,存在于教育者与受教育者之间的最好的教育教学方式是爱与彼此的交往。由于教育在本质上是自由的,它便因而是复杂的,因此过度的教育计划总是会使结果偏离最初的设想,这对教育是不利的。这种自由教育最集中的体现就是大学教育。

The well known existentialist philosopher in German history K. Jaspers includes education in the realm of philosophy. He belives that one must bear his responsibility to his freedom when he enjoys freedom, that is, he must bear the consequences of his behavior. As a result, teacher and students are both free individuals during the education process, who hold the right to choose his style of studying and teaching. When education is based on freedom, the best teaching method is love and mutual interaction. Such education is usually reflected in tertiary education.