维果茨基对心理学的方法论贡献及其现实意义

Vygotsky's Contribution to Psychological Methodology and Its Significance

维果茨基不仅是一位多产的理论心理学家,而且是一位匠心独运的方法论专家。他高瞻远瞩地为心理学研究确定了规范的方法论要求,构建了总体性解释原则,将马克思主义的辩证法和历史唯物主义创造性地应用到了心理学研究中,创立了发生学分析法、机能系统分析法、单元分析法等多种具体研究方法。在其逝世七十多年后,维果茨基的心理学思想再次进入了心理学的话语中心,深刻影响了当代心理学的发展取向,为当代心理学研究摆脱科学取向与人文取向的纷争,超越根深蒂固的二元论传统,用系统整体研究取代由来已久的原子论分析提供了借鉴,为当代主流心理学的自我反省与完善提供了启迪。

Vygotsky was not only a prolific theoretical psychologist but a methodological expert in consummate craftsmanship. He defined methodological requirements for psychological research, and constructed general explanatory principles. He applied creatively Marxist dialectics and historical materialism to psychological research, and founded a series of concrete research methods such as genetic analytic method, functional system analytic method, unit analytic method etc. 70 years after his death, Vygotsky＇s psychological ideas entered the discourse center of modem psychology again , which produced a great impact on contemporary psychology, provided benefitial use for modem psychology to break away from the dispute of scientific approach and humanistic approach and transcend deep-rooted dualistic tradition and to displace time-honoured atomic analysis with systematic approach. Vygotsky＇ ideas provided inspiration for self-examination and perfection of mainstream psychology.