组织培养与普通小麦异源易位系选育

Development of Common Wheat Alien Translocation Lines by Tissue Culture

以中国春小麦品种中８６０１、澳大利亚栽培小麦品种Ｓｕｎｓｔａｒ、Ｍｉｌｌｅｗａ作母本，与抗大麦黄矮病毒病（ＢａｒｌｅｙＹｅｌｌｏｗＤｗａｒｆＶｉｒｕｓ，简称ＢＹＤＶ）的小麦－中间偃麦草异附加系Ｌ１杂交，取杂种的幼胚和幼穗作离体培养，获得大量再生植株。经酶联免疫吸附分析（ＥＬＩＳＡ）、限制性内切酶长度多态性分析（ＲＦＬＰ）、染色体数目的检查和田间抗性鉴定，在再生植株回交后代中获得了抗ＢＹＤＶ的杂合易位株，经自交和花药培养纯合，选育出Ｄ１０９１、Ｄ１０９４、Ｄ１６５８、ＴＣ５、ＴＣ６、ＴＣ７等一批抗性稳定或基本稳定的普通小麦选系。以白黑麦６Ｒ二体附加系为抗源，与严重感染白粉病的陕７８５９杂交，经幼胚培养在再生植株回交后代中筛选到白粉病免疫的普通小麦杂合易位系。研究结果表明：在小麦远缘杂交中，组织培养可以作为导入外源基因产生易位的手段之一加以利用。

BYDV-resistant alien addition line L1, derived from wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium, was crossed with Chinese spring cultivar Zhong 8601, Austarlia cultivar Sunstar and Millewa. A lot of plantlets were regenerated from young embryo cultures, and young inflorencence cultures, from these hybrids. Translocation heterozygotes resistant to BYDV were selected of the backcrossing progenies after enzyme linked imunosorbent assay (ELISA) , analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP),root tip chromosome counting and field resistant test. Some promising lines with consistant BYDV resistance, such as D1091, D1094, D1658,TC 5,TC6,TC7 were developed.6R disomic addition line as resistant parent was crossed with breed wheat variety Shan 7859 which was very susceptible to powdery mildew.Regenerated plants obtained from young embryo cultures, were selfed and breed wheat translocation lines resistant to powdery mildew were selected.This indicated that tissue culture could be used as one of the useful methods for transferring desirable traits from the wild relatives to wheat. The Project supported by National Science and Technology Committee of China, 863 program and Australian Centre for International A agricultural Research(project 8813) .