我国农村土地制度及相关问题探讨

On Land System in China's Rural Areas and Problems Involved

农村土地实行家庭联产承包责任制在一定时期对农村经济起到了极大的促进作用。然而,随着我国市场经济的深入发展,以及“三农问题”呈现的新情况,农村面临着土地制度的制约、土地资源危机、农村社会政策等诸多困境。如何摆脱现行土地制度的困境,是迫切需要解决的问题。根据我国国情,土地短时间内完全国有化、土地私有化和复合所有制形式都不现实,通过农村土地产权制度改革、农村土地市场化改革、农村土地股份合作制等改革来完善现行农村土地制度,是农村土地制度创新的主要迹象。结合新农村建设,在现行农村土地制度的基础上,调整农村政策,统筹城乡经济社会发展,加快城乡一体化进程,建设现代乡村土地制度,并最终确立我国现代土地制度,是新时期解决“三农问题”的重要途径。

Household contract responsibility system played a significant role in developing rural economy in certain period in China. However, with the development of market eeoriomy and the occurrence of problems brought about by the issues of agriculture, countryside and farmers, the rural areas are confronted with such difficulties as the restriction of land system, the crisis of land resource, social policies of the countryside, etc. It is urgent to overcome the difficulties caused by the current land system. It is not practical to realize complete nationalization or privatization of land in a short period of time, neither is compound ownership.