服用健脾生血补肾中药划船运动员大运动量训练后血红蛋白及免疫球蛋白等指标的变化

Traditional Chinese medicine of invigorating spleen and kidney as well as promoting hemogenesis for the changes in hemoglobin and immunoglobulin of rowing players after intensive training

目的:观察常见的运动性疲劳症状指标血红蛋白和免疫功能的变化,分析健脾生血、补肾中药组方对划船运动员运动性疲劳症状的影响。方法:纳入2004-03-04/2004-03-24山东省水上运动学校的男运动员20名,皮艇8名,赛艇12名,年龄17～22岁,采用数字表法随机分为实验组和对照组,各10名。在冬训期间运动量和强度在中到大的20d时间中进行实验。实验组内服课题组根据健脾生血、补肾的治则研制的中药(A药)。药物由人参、黄芪、熟地、阿胶等13味中药组成,制成口服液和胶囊两种剂型,分别在早餐前0.5h和晚餐后2h服用,每次服用口服液20mL(10mL中相当于含生药90g),胶囊9小粒(每粒胶囊0.38g,其中生药含量0.37g,生药量共3.33g)。对照组服用目前国内运动队最常使用的提高血红蛋白中药(B药),由口服液和胶囊铁剂组成,早餐前0.5h服用口服液20mL,晚餐后2h服用胶囊铁剂920mg。两组均连续服药20d。给药全部采取单盲方式。分别在服药前、服药后10d和服药20d,清晨空腹取肘静脉血,作血红蛋白、白细胞、血细胞比容、免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M测定和运动训练完成量的自我评定和教练员的评定。结果:实验观察期间,因伤病原因,有4名受试者中途退出脱落,未进入结果分析。最后进入结果分析为16名,实验组9名,对照组7名。①实验组服药后10,20d血红蛋白均有升高趋势,但无论是组间,还是组内统计学比较,差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);白细胞和血细胞比容两组整个实验期间无大的变化。②两组服药后免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白M的变化不明显,仅在实验后20d实验组免疫球蛋白M高于对照组(P<0.05)。③实验组自我评定分有升高趋势,对照组有下降趋势;两组教练员评定分均有升高趋势,但是,除了实验组10d时教练员评定与训练前比较差异有显著性意义外(P<0.05),组间和组内比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:两组在大运动量、大强度训练后血红蛋白、免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白M均无明显下降的情况发生,维持了原有的水平,中药处方对运动性血红蛋白和免疫功能下降有良好的作用。

AIM： To observe the hemoglobin （HGB） and immunoglobulin as a common symptom of. sports fatigue in sportsmen, and explore the effect of traditional Chinese medicine, which can invigorate the spleen and the kidney and promote the hemogenesis, on the sports fatigue in rowing players after intensive training. METHODS： Twenty male athletes aged from 17 to 22 were selected from Shandong Aquatic Sports School between March 4^th and 24^th in 2004, including 8 enes for skinboat and 12 ones for racing boat, and were randomly divided into experimental group and control group by digital table, with 10 in each group. The experiment was conducted during 20 days of the moderate or large training quantity and intensity in winter training. The experimental group administrated orally A herbs produced by this research group taking invigorating the spleen and the kidney as well as promoting hemogenesis as treatment principle. The herbs were made of oral liquid and capsules, composing 13 kinds of herbs such as ginseng, membranous milkvetch root, Colla Corill Asini and rehmanniae, etc. The 20 mL oral liquids （10 mL liquid contained 90 g crude drug） and 920 mg capsules （9 pills totally 3.33 g, and 0.38 g in each pill containing 0.37 g crude drug） were taken 0.5 hour before breakfast and 2 hours after supper. The control group took the B herbs （the most popular used in China） for elevating the HGB, which were made of oral liquid and iron capsules. The dosage and administration time were all the same as A herbs, and the method of administration was single blind. Both herbs were given for successive 20 days. The elbow venous blood were drawn before breakfast before administration, on the tenth day and the twentieth day after administration, then HGB, white blood cell （WBC）, hematocrit （HCT）, immunoglobulin G （IgG） and IgM were examined. Moreover, the sports training quantity were estimated by athletes themselves and their trainers. RESULTS： During the experiment, four sportsmen were lost to follow-up because of illness. At last, 16 sportsmen entered the result analysis, 9 in the experimental group and 7 controls. ①The HGB of experimental group rose on the tenth day and the twentieth day after administration. But there was no significant difference between groups or in group （P 〉 0.05）; Meanwhile, no obvious change was found in WBC and HCT in two groups. ②IgG and IgM did not show obvious change after administration, and only on the twentieth day, IgM were lower in the control group than the experimental group （P 〈 0.05）.③The sportsmen＇ Self-estimation enhanced in the experimental group whereas descended in the control group （P〈 0.05）; The trainers＇ estimation of the two groups both rose, and there was no obvious difference （P 〉 0.05） besides the trainers＇ estimation of the experimental group on the tenth day in contrast with before training （P〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： HGB, IgG and IgM all remain the previous level after a large amount of exercise and intensive training, which indicates that the herbs prescription has the good effect on the decrease of HGB and immune funetion due to sports fatigue,