布什第二任期的国内政策议程及实施前景

The Domestic Policy Agenda in Bush's Second Term and Prospects for Its Implementation

在扼要论述总统选举与政策议程之间关系的基础上,本文对布什第二任期的国内政策议程及其出台的原因、实施前景和对美国政治的影响进行了分析。文章认为,布什在第二任内力图把施政重点由反恐和伊拉克战争转入国内,而国内政策议程的重点则放在社会政策立法的推进和实施上。布什提出的建立“业主社会”主张既是其第一任期国内政策的延续,又是一个比“有同情心的保守主义”立法计划更为庞大的政策议程,目的在于巩固和扩大共和党的选民基础,保持共和党在全国性选举中的多数地位。布什在第二任内提出如此庞大而保守的国内政策议程,既有政党和选举政治及深刻的经济和社会动因,也与布什保守的价值观、政治理念和个人抱负分不开。布什第二任内的国内政策议程的推动和实施将面临一系列严峻的挑战,对美政治也将产生一定的影响。

After briefly reviewing the relationship between American presidential elections and policy agendas, the article analyses the domestic policy agenda in Bush's second term, the causes for such an agenda, prospects for its implementation, and the impact on American politics. The article holds that Bush, in his second term, attempts to shift the focus of attention from anti-terrorism and the Iraqi War to domestic issues and to put the emphasis of domestic policy agenda on the promotion and implementation of social policy legislation. The project of the establishment of “ownership society” advanced by Bush is both a continuation of the domestic policy in his first term and a much broader policy agenda than the legislative plan of “compassionate conservatism.” The purpose of the project is to consolidate and broaden the Republicans’ voter base and to maintain the majority position of the Republican Party in national elections. Such a broad and conservative domestic policy agenda is motivated by partisan and election considerations. But it is also related to Bush's conservative values, political concepts and personal ambition. The promotion and implementation of the agenda are bound to encounter a series of critical challenges and will exert certain impact on American politics.