哈贝马斯认识批判的危机理论

Habermas' Crisis Theory of Cognition Criticism

哈贝马斯认为,近代以来的哲学,从康德到黑格尔直至马克思,在实证主义出现之前,具有批判和反思的品格,是“认识批判”活跃的历史,他称之为“实证主义的史前史”,但由于理论的失误和不足,其中也蕴涵着危机。实证主义出现以后,批判和反思被抛弃了,科学主义浪潮蔚为大观,客观主义话语甚嚣尘上,工具理性则成为理性的代名词,认识批判的危机全面爆发。所以,“实证主义的史前史”同时就是“认识批判的危机史”,因此,有必要重构认识批判。哈贝马斯通过批判和反思的方法,重新省察了这部“史前史”、“危机史”,从中获得诸多重构认识批判的启示。最终,基于反对实证主义、批判晚期资本主义社会的立场,哈贝马斯提出了重构认识批判的草纲。

Habermas considered that ＂the prehistory of positivism＂ was the history of cognition criticism, which began from Kant to Hegel and Marx, but stopped by positivism. At the same time, the prehistory contained crisis because of some faults, which existed in those cognition criticisms of Kant＇s, Hegel＇s, and Marx＇s, so it was also the crisis histor~ of cognition criticism. Positivism abandoned criticism and reflection, and especially emphasized scientism, objectivism and purpose rationalism. The formal establishment of positivism was the overall outbreak of the crisis of cognition criticism.