汉语表达的性别差异研究

Study of Gender Differences of Chinese Expressions

男女在语音、用语、交谈三个方面存在着差异,形成这些差异的原因可从生物、心理和性别角色等不同层面加以探究。在语音上,女性发音的绝对音高高于男性,女性的语音听觉比男性更敏感,男性发音比女性含混,年轻女子的发音比男性更娇柔,男性发音的“元气”比女性更足;在用语上,女性颜色词语的掌握能力强于男性,女性比男性更喜欢使用情感词,女性比男性更善于使用委婉语;在交谈上,女性说话比男性含蓄,女性与男性相比不喜欢左右话题,女性的言辞比男性更温文尔雅,男女交谈的兴奋点不同;影响语言性差交际的因素主要有:男女双方对言语交际活动的态度、男女的心理差异、男女的特殊心理、交谈者的性别数量、交谈者的年龄、交谈者的角色关系;性度对性差交际会产生影响,父母自身的言语性度、兄弟姐妹中男女的数量对比、年龄文化层次、工作性质和工作条件、异性交际中的权威等都会影响言语性度。

There are differences between males and females in the aspects of pronunciation, use of language, and conversation. The reasons for these differences can be explored from such perspectives as physiology, psychology and gender roles. In pronunciation, the absolute pitch of females＇ pronunciation is higher than that of males＇. In language use, females are better at the usage of color words and euphemisms. In conversation, females are more implicit than males. The gender degree can exert some influence on the communication of gender differences.