厦门港鼠群结构、数量季节变动及种群演替研究

Study on Community Structure, Seasonal fluctuation and Community Succession of Rodents in Xiamen Port

１９８６～１９９５年，厦门港区逐月对鼠群进行监测，其群落结构为臭＋小家鼠＋褐家鼠＋黄胸鼠＋黄毛鼠，共２目２科３属５种。４类生物小区的群落结构为：集装箱堆场和办公住宅区为臭＋褐家鼠＋小家鼠＋黄胸鼠；粮食仓库和杂货库为臭＋小家鼠＋褐家鼠＋黄胸鼠。各类生物小区的捕获率差别较大，以办公和住宅区捕获率最高。１９９５年残存鼠数量变动呈＂山＂字形，以８～９月份最高，黄胸鼠和黄毛鼠捕获率均为零。１０年来鼠群结构不断变化，群落优势种的演替趋势是：臭→褐家鼠→小家鼠→臭，并提出今后的主要防制对象与时机。

This work was carried out in Xiamen Port from January, 1986 to December 1995. The community structure were: Suncus murinus + Mus musculus + Rattus norvegicus + R.flavipectus + R.rattoides. Theed belongy to 5 species, 3 genus, 2 families and 2 orders. The community structure of the four types of Biotope were as follows: Container and offices-dwelling, Biotopes: Suncus murinus + R.norvegicus + Mus musculus + R. flavipectus; Barn and storehouses Biotopes:Suncus murinus + Mus musculus + R.norvegicus + R. flavipectus. The capture rates were distmctly different in different Biotopes. The highest rate was in office- dwelling Biotopes. The yearly seasonal fluctuation of the popula tion looked like“山”in 1995. It was the highest from August to September. The capture rates of R. flavipectus and R. rattoides were both zero. There has been obvious succession of rodents community in the past ten years. The dominant species of community were: Suncus murinus→R. norvegicus→Mus musculus→Suncus murinus.