荒漠草地生态优化的调控原则和总体模式

PRINCIPLES AND ECOLOGICALLY OPTIMAL MODEL FOR DESERT GRASSLAND MANAGEMENT

扬长避短，开发利用荒漠草地，具有重要的生态、经济和社会意义。本文分析了荒漠区草地的基本生态问题和优化目标，着重探讨了必须从区域和系统的水平上实行调控；以扩大人工饲草料生产能力为调控的驱动力；以深化农牧结合，发挥山地－平原－绿洲复合系统整合效应为调控核心的原则。提出了以新疆南准噶尔荒漠区为代表而又有普遍意义的草地利用优化总体模式。

Developing and utilising desert grassland by fostering its advantage and avoiding its weaknesses has important ecological, economic and social significance. In this paper,the fundamental ecological problems and optimal objectives were analysed. The management principles were discussed with the emphasis of practising management strategies at the regional scale and using the system theory. The expansion of the artificial forage production should be considered as a driving force, and the combination of agricultrual and animal husbandry is necessary for bringing the whole effect of mountain-plain-oasis compound system into full pay. That is the core of the regulation principles. The ecologically optimal model for proper grassland use of South Zhungar desert grassland region was put forward as a representative case.