松嫩草原碱化草地角碱蓬群落水分生态的研究

THE STUDY ON WATER ECOLOGY OF THE Suaeda corniculata SALINE COMMUNITY IN SONGNEN PLAIN

本文采用自行设计的蒸散仪和加拿大Ｃａｍｐｂｅｌｌ科学仪器公司生产的自动气象设备测定了松嫩草原碱化草地角碱蓬群落的蒸散、蒸腾量、太阳辐射及空气温度等环境因子。分析结果表明生长季的睛天条件下，角碱蓬群落的蒸散、蒸腾速率的日进程均为单峰曲线，且各月份间差异很大。群落蒸腾速率与太阳辐射强度、空气温度、相对湿度、风速等环境因子紧密相关，其中与太阳辐射强度呈极显著正相关关系。生长季降雨量和土壤含水量在角碱蓬群落水分循环与平衡的过程中起重要调节作用。１９９２年６～８月的生长季中，角碱蓬群落总的水分亏缺较少（６．３ｍｍ），但各月份间差异很大，其中６月份水分亏缺最高（３０．１ｍｍ）。

Evapotranspiration (ET) and transpiration (TR) of Sueade corniculata community were measured using artificial lysimeters in plant growing season in Songnen grassland.The climate data, including air temperature, air relative humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, soil moisture and plant water storage were simultaneously recorded. The results showed that the ET and Tr of Suaeda corniculata community varied significantly in different month. The diurnal variations of Tr had close relation with radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. Solar radiation played a leading role. The precipitation, ET, soil water storage and canopy water storage were main parts of soil-vegetation-air water flow system in Songnen grassland. In the whole growing season the water deficits of Suaeda corniculata community was not serious (6.3mm ), but it changed significantly among months, the water deficits in June was serious (30.1 mm).