英语多元wh-问句句法和语用制约

Syntactic and Pragmatic Constraints of English Multiple Wh-questions

英语多元wh-问句中的wh-短语的生成受到句法和语用原则的双重制约。一方面,根据“原则与参数理论”,wh-短语分别在S-结构和逻辑式层次进行移位,其语迹或者得到空语类原则充分的解释,或者在句法层延伸使空语类原则获得满足。另一方面,wh-短语的分布受制于语境,话语连接效应、分类答案假设和清单条件假设等语用原则制约着wh-短语的使用。

Generation of the wh-words in English multiple wh-questions is both syntactically and pragmatically constrained. On the one hand,in accordance with the Principles and Parameters Theory,wh-words move at S-Structure and in LF,and their traces,which are subject to the Empty Category Principle（ECP） ,can satisfy ECP or can be made to do so by syntactic extension. On the other hand,the distribution of the wh-words is context-conditioned. Pragmatic principles including discourse-linking effect, sorting key hypothesis and listing requirement hypothesis constrain the use of the wh-words in contexts.