玉米品种籽粒品质性状研究

Study on Kernel Properties of Corn Varieties

对55个玉米品种籽粒品质性状研究。结果表明,不同玉米品种籽粒百粒重、百粒体积、粗脂肪、粗纤维、出珍率、皮渣率以及色泽体系中a*值、b*值差异较大。春玉米与夏玉米在百粒重、百粒体积、粗蛋白、灰分、粗纤维、亮度指数L*上差异显著。玉米品种籽粒平均容重766．0 g／L,百粒重34．48 g,百粒体积 28．06 mL,籽粒密度1．23 g／mL,淀粉含量69．55％,粗蛋白含量10．97％,粗脂肪含量4．51％,灰分含量 1．46％,粗纤维含量2．19％,出珍率37．94％,出粉率56．48％,皮渣率5．58％。不同玉米品种间的糊化特性有一定差异。春玉米品种的峰粘度、破损值、回生值以及最终粘度显著小于夏玉米(a=0．05),而糊化温度、冷糊稳定性高于夏玉米。玉米品种平均糊化温度72．8℃,峰粘度371 BU,破损值82 Bu,回生值480 BU,最终粘度 748 BU,冷糊稳定性21 BU。

The kernel properties of 55 corn varieties were studied. The are great differences in 100 -kernel weight, 100 - kernel volume, crude grease content, crude fiber content, grits ratio, residue ratio, a ＊ - value and b ＊ -value among the varieties. Significant differences in 100 -kernel weight, 100 -kernel volume, crude protein content, ash content, crude fiber content, and bright index L ＊ between spring and summer corn varieties also exist. The average test weight, 100 -kernel weight, 100 -kernel volume, kernel density, starch content, crude protein content, crude grease content, ash content, crude fiber content, hardness index, grits ratio, milling ratio, and residue ratio of the varieties is 11.64%, 3,4.48 g, 28.06 mL, 1.23 g/mL, 69.55%, 10.97%, ,4.54%, 1.46%, 2.19%, 53.55%, 37.94%, 56.48%, and 5.58%, respectively. Pasting properties of the corn varieties are different. Comparing with the summer corn varieties, the peak viscosity, breakdown, setback and final viscosity of the spring corn varieties are significant lower, and the pasting temperature and stability of cold paste are higher. The average pasting temperature, peak viscosity, breakdown, setback, final viscosity, and stability of cold paste of the varieties is 72.8℃, 371 BU, 82 BU, 480 BU, 748 BU, and 121 BU respectively.