水菖蒲的杀虫活性成分提取与初步分离

Extraction and Separation of Insecticidal Constituents from Acorus Calamus L.

本文采用冷浸法和加热回流提取法从水菖蒲Acorus calamus L．中提取杀虫活性物质,然后运用经典的系统溶剂法对粗提物进行初步分离,得到石油醚、乙酸乙酯、水饱和的正丁醇、水相四种不同极性部位的物质。试验以玉米象Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky为试虫,用药膜法对各物质进行了室内触杀作用测定。结果表明:冷漫法较加热回流法提取率低,但触杀作用略强。在各萃取物中以石油醚萃取部位活性最强,0．31 mg／cm2剂量处理3天后的校正死亡率达到96．81％,而其它部位基本上没有触杀作用,初分效果明显。

Two different extract methods of Acorus calamus L. were studied and Ethanol extracts suspended by distilled water was successively separated into four parts with Petroleum ether,Ethyl acetate and n - Butyl alcohol. At the same time, the contact action against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky of different extracts were also tested. The result showed that the extract rate with merceration was significantly lower than that of alcohol - heated - and - backstreaming abstraction but insecticidal activities was higher Petroleum ether extracts possessed the highest activities among these extracts and the corrected mortalities were up to 96.81% at three days after treatment in the concentration of 0.31mg/cm^2, however, other extracts nearly showed no contact action. The separation was done well.