天然植物复合提取物对凡纳滨对虾生长及抗病力的影响

Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Growth and Anti - disease Ability of Juvenile Shrimp, Litopenaeus Vannamei

为研究在饲料中添加天然植物复合提取物对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料利用、体组成成分以及对虾非特异性免疫指标的影响,设计了5个天然植物复合提取物浓度梯度的等氮等能饲料,饲料中天然植物复合提取物的添加量分别为0、0．05％、0．1％、0．2％和0．3％。实验用对虾初始体重为0．57g,经过8周的投喂实验。结果表明,饲料中添加天然植物复合提取物对凡纳滨对虾的增重率和成活率的影响显著,其中以添加天然植物复合提取物0．2％组的增重率最高,成活率则随着饲料中天然植物复合提取物添加浓度的提高而显著上升。天然植物复合提取物对凡纳滨对虾饲料系数和蛋白质效率的影响显著,其中以添加0．2％组饲料系数最低,蛋白质效率最高。对凡纳滨对虾全虾蛋白质、脂肪、灰分和水分的分析表明,饲料中添加天然植物复合提取物对凡纳滨对虾全虾组成成分的影响不显著。对虾血清溶茵酶活力、酚氧化酶活力以及血浆中红细胞总数受饲料中添加天然植物复合提取物的影响显著,然而血清超氧化物歧化酶活力不受饲料中天然植物复合提取物添加水平的影响。以对虾生长、成活率以及血清中酚氧化酶活力为指标,凡纳滨对虾饲料中天然植物复合提取物的适宜添加量为0．1％-0．2％。

An 8 - week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of the traditional Chinese medicine on , feed utilization, body composition and nonspecific immunity in juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vanname i（ average body weight was about 0.57g）. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergic diets were supplemented with 0, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% of the traditional Chinese medicine. Each diet was fed to shrimps four times per day in triplicate for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, weight gain and survival rate of shrimp were significantly effected by the supplemented level of the traditional Chinese medicine, weight gain was best for shrimp fed the diet containing 0.2% level of the traditional Chinese medicine, survival rate was significantly increased with the increase of the supplemented level of the traditional Chinese medicine. Feed conversion rate and protein efficiency ratio were significantly effected by the supplemented level of the traditional Chinese medicine, feed conversion rate in diet with supplement of 0.2% traditional Chinese medicine was lower than other groups, and protein efficiency ratio in diet supplement of 0.2% traditional Chinese medicine was higher than other groups. The whole body moisture, lipid, protein and ash content were not significantly effected by the supplemented levels of traditional Chinese medicine. The phenoloxidase activity, lysozyme activity and red cell counts in blood serum were significantly effected by the supplemented levels of the traditional Chinese medicine, however the superoxide dismutase of shrimp serum was not effected by the dietary traditional Chinese medicine supplemental levels. Based on weight gain, survival rate and phenoloxidase activity in serum, the optimal dietary supplementation levels of traditional Chinese medicine for juvenile shrimp was 0.1% - 0.2%.