运动员备战2008年北京奥运会的心理问题

Research on Psychological Problems of Athletes Existing in the Preparation for 2008 Beijing Olympic

运动员备战2008年北京奥运会的心理问题,核心是如何提高压力情境下的心理稳定性。心理稳定性问题可以分解为如何调节自我意识、如何提高参赛自信、如何控制注意指向、如何应对逆境顺境四大难题。自我意识问题主要与压力下的过多自我关注和过多额外努力有关,解决方案主要是平时升温、赛时降温,关键时刻减少动作细节提示和语言提示,强调动作的完整性和流畅性;参赛自信问题主要与压力下的不确定感与不可控感有关,解决方案主要是注意可控因素和忽略不可控因素;注意指向问题主要强调过程定向、当前定向和主位定向。解决应对逆境顺境问题有临场应对和模拟训练两种方式。临场应对的策略包括直接应对、情绪应对、回避应对、阿Q策略四种。

It has been well recognized that how to improve the psychological stability of athletes under the high-level stress can be seen as the key point of solving the psychological problems of athletes existing in the preparation for 2008 Beijing Olympic. The psychological stability can be divided into four phases, such as how to adjust the self-awareness, how to improve the self-confidence, how to control the direction of attention, and how to deal with the adverse circumstances and favorable circumstances. The problem of the self-awareness has close connection with too much self-attention and self extraendeavor. It can be solved through the following approaches, such as pay special attention during the period of training, and make athletes relax during the period of the competition, help athletes reduce the reminders of act details and language, and emphasize on the completion and fluency of acts; the problem of self-confidence of the competition participation is mainly correlated with the uncertainty and un-controlled sense, which can be solved through the attention on the controlled factors and un-controlled factors; the problem of the direction of attention is due to too much focusing on the orientation of the procedure, the orientation of the present, and the orientation of the main position, which can be treated through the training on-the-spot reply and the training of analogue test. The main strategies of the on-the-spot reply are composed of four parts, including, direct reply, emotional reply, avoided reply, and A Q strategy.