“顺其自然”与“征服自然”——中希古代健身理念的比较

"Following Nature" and "Conquering Nature"——The Comparison on Fitness Concept Of the Ancient China and the Ancient Greek

通过古代中国和古代希腊对“身心关系”、“人天关系”认识的分析入手,讨论了古代中希健身理念的差异。认为:古代中国“一体二用”身心观,在肯定生理(形)健康是心理(神)健康基础的前提下,突出强调了精神对形体的控制与调节作用;在处理客观规律(天命)与主观努力(人为)的关系上,既强调了遵循客观规律的必要性,也指出了主观努力的重要意义。古代希腊的先贤对“身心关系”的理解,尽管存在认识上的差距,但有一点是共同的,即他们的基本模式都是“二元并存”。古希腊强调的是:选择灵魂(理性)的需要而不是躯体(感觉)的需要,按照人的理性需要去影响生命运动;正是这两种不同的健身理念对中国古代人们选择的体育保健行为与古代希腊人所倡导的健身行为产生了重大影响,而最终形成了风格不同的体育文化传统。

This article analyses the physical-philosophy relationship and human-nature relationship between the ancient Greece and the ancient China, which focuses on the difference of their concept of fitness. It has been recognized in this study as follows： the ancient china had the view of one body, two usages, not only were they sure the physical healthy could be seen as the precondition of the philosophy healthy, but also they emphasized the philosophic effects on controlling and adjusting the physical health; under dealing with the relationship of objective rules and the subjective endeavor, they stressed on the necessary effects of following objective rules, and also indicated the important meanings of subjective endeavor. Although they had different understanding of ancient Greek sage, there was one common thing that they are the basic pattern of ＂binary theory. ＂ The view of the ancient Greece emphasized as follows： choose soul （rational） rather than the needs of the body （feeling）, and in accordance with the rational needs which influence life movements. It is two different concepts that ancient Chinese people to choose fitness sports health behaviors and ancient Greeks advocate fitness practices, thereby making a significant impact, and eventually forming different sports styles of cultural heritage.