社区自保·专业警察·警民联防——英国治安制度演进三部曲

Community Self-insurance · Professional Police · Police-people Joint-defense——Trilogy of the Public Security System Evolution in Britain

控制和打击犯罪,保障社会公共安全,是最基本的国家制度之一。英国的治安制度大致经历了古代社区自保、现代专业警察和当代警民联防依次递进的三个不同阶段。从形式上看,当今英国以预防为主的社区联防警务似乎是向古代社区自保治安传统的一种回归,但这种回归不是简单地复古,而是对先前“全民皆警”和“专业警察”两个阶段的综合与超越。

It is one of the most basic national systems to control and attack the crime and to ensure the social public security. The public security system in Britain has sequentially gone through three different stages, viz, the ancient community selfinsurance, modern professional police and contemporary police-people joint-defense. In view of the form, the prevention-oriented joint-defense policing in Britain community is a return to a tradition of self-insurance in the ancient community, but this kind of return is not a simple restorer of the old form but one that synthesizes and surmounts to the experiences and lessons of the other two stages ＂all the people all police＂ and ＂professional police＂.