在转向唯物主义和共产主义的前夜——《莱茵报》时期马克思哲学思想发展的再考察

On the Eve of a Turn for Materialism and Communism:Rethinking the Thought Development of Marx in the Period of Rheinische Zeitung

《莱茵报》时期是马克思哲学思想的真实发展过程的重要阶段。马克思转向唯物主义和共产主义的思想前提是与鲍威尔的决裂,这种决裂的实质是两者在哲学的使命这个元问题上的本质差异;在正式加入《莱茵报》之前,马克思实际因循黑格尔的国家观,存在一个建立超阶级的、代表一切人利益的、保障全民自由的理性国家的幻想;之后,关于共产主义的政治争论以及对物质利益问题的反思,极大地动摇了马克思的信念,使之开始怀疑、反思黑格尔的国家观,向唯物主义和共产主义的转向由此获得了真实的起点。

This paper rethinks the thought development of Marx in the period of Rheinische Zeitung and points out that the premise which Marx had turned for Materialism and Communism is a rupture of primary theoretic cooperation between Marx and Bruno Bauer, and the essence of that rupture is the different answers to a meta-problem which is the vocation of philosophy. Before becoming the official editor of Rheinisehe Zeitung, Marx always adhered to Hegel＇s view of state and cherished an expectation of setting up a rational state in Germany which would have been above all classes, for all people＇s good and freedom. Since then, a political debate on Communism and reflection on pragmatic interest acutely shook Marxian primary idea, spurred him to discredit and reflect Hegel＇s view of state, and provided his turn for Materialism and Communism with a real start.