中学骨干教师与普通教师心理健康状况的比较研究

A comparative study of the mental health of principal and regular high school teachers

采用SCL-90临床症状自评量表对随机抽取的257名中学省级骨干教师和661名中学普通教师进行测试,结果表明:中学骨干教师各因子得分显著低于全国成人常模,中学普通教师各因子得分显著高于全国成人常模;中学骨干教师的心理健康水平显著高于普通教师,其心理问题检出率为7.0%,普通教师为43.1%,且普通教师各因子得分都极显著高于骨干教师;不同年龄段的骨干教师心理健康水平差异不显著,普通教师差异显著,30岁以下的心理健康状况最好,30-40岁年龄段的心理健康问题较多,其主要心理问题是躯体化、抑郁、精神病性等;毕业班与非毕业班的骨干教师心理健康水平差异不显著,而毕业班的普通教师心理健康水平显著低于非毕业班的普通教师,主要体现在躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、焦虑、敌对、恐怖和偏执7个因子上。提示:中学普通教师、30-40岁年龄段的教师及毕业班的教师的心理健康状况更应引起关注。

This paper accounts for a random study performed over 275 provincial - leveled principal high school teachers and 661 regular high school teachers by means of SCL- 90 assessment. The result shows that all variable indexes of the principal teachers are lower than the constant of the national regular adults, and those of the regular teachers are obviously higher; the mental health of the principal teachers （disorder rating 7.0 % ） is substantially superior to that of the regular teachers （disorder rating 43.1% ）. Other variable indexes of regular teachers are all much higher than those of the principal teachers. The mental health of the principal teachers does not vary much in age, while that of the regular teachers differs a lot with those younger than 30 at best, those of 30 - 40 more problematic in exhaustion, depression, and other mental lunacies. The principal teachers do not vary in their mental health in relation to grades they teach. But in contrast, the regular teachers fluctuate rather obviously, in particular, in the graduate grades, namely, their mental health is much more vulnerable in relation to the variables of exhaustion, coercion, inter- personal sensitivity, anxiety, hostility, terror, and paranoia. The paper calls for attention to the regular teachers of 30 - 40, in particular, of graduate grades in regard to their mental health.