中山站地区大气边界层结构和湍流通量的输送特征

CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER STRUCTURE AND TRANSFER OF THE TURBULENT FLUXES OVER THE ZHONGSHAN STATION AREA, ANTARCTICA

本文根据作者随中国第１１次南极考察队（１９９４－１９９６年）赴中山站夏考期间，使用ＴＭＴ（系留式气象塔）观测系统，在中山站、冰盖和海冰等三个点上观测到的气温、湿度、风速、风向和气压等大气要素的廓线资料，利用相似理论的通量－廓线关系，给出这三个观测点上的动量通量、曳力系数和感热通量，在近中性条件下，中山站粗糙度高度为２．９ｃｍ，冰盖与海冰点二者粗糙度高度差不多，分别为２．８×１０－２ｃｍ和３．６×１０－２ｃｍ，曳力系数则分别为５．０６×１０－３、１．３４×１０－３和１．４１×１０－３。结果表明，即使在中山站地区这样一个尺度范围内，由于下垫面的热力学特性、地形、地貌、地势和地理位置等的差异，无论是大气边界层结构还是湍流通量等的输送特性都有明显的差别，因此南极地区的大气边界层结构和冰（雪）－气交换特征都是比较复杂的。

This paper deals with some characteristics for the atmospheric boundary layer structure and the transfer of the turbulent fluxes over the Zhongshan Station area. The data of temperature,humidity,wind and pressure profiles were collected by using TMT (tethersonde meteorological tower)sounding system at this area in the period of summer expedition, 1994-1995. The fluxes of momentum and sensible heat were evaluated by semiemperical flux profile relation of Monin Obukhov similarity theory from these observed data . The results show that the characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer structure and the transfer of turbulent fluxes have obvious differences for different stations ( Zhongshan Station, the Ice Sheet Camp and the Sea Ice Camp). Therefore they are very complicated and have strongly local property in Antarctica.