乡村旅游地发展过程中的“公地悲剧”研究——以杭州梅家坞、龙坞茶村、山沟沟景区为例

A Study on "The Tragedy of the Commons" in the Process of the Development of On-limits Rural Tourism Destinations——A Case of Meijiawu,Longwu and Shangougou in Hangzhou

乡村旅游地发展过程中的环境退化、村民无序争夺有限资源等“公地悲剧”现象十分普遍。乡村旅游资源的产权属性决定了“公地悲剧”产生的必然性,它表现为公共资源利用无度、公共秩序混沌失序和公共福利供给短缺,导致了乡村旅游核心资源迅速耗损和旅游品牌资产快速衰减,并严重影响了乡村旅游目的地的可持续发展。本文采用田野作业方法,主要分析了杭州梅家坞茶文化村、龙坞茶村和山沟沟景区“公地悲剧”的产生原因及其演变情况。文章还探讨了地方政府主导型、外来投资者主导型和农村集体组织主导型3种制度模式来解决乡村旅游中“公地悲剧”的基本思路。

Phenomena of ＂the tragedy of the commons＂ such as environmental degeneration and out-of-order disputes over limited resources are universal in on-limits rural tourism destinations. The property rights in rural tourism resources determine the necessity of causing ＂the tragedy of the commons＂. It leads to the rapid depletion of tourism resources and fast decline of tourism brand equity, which severely affects the sustainable development of rural tourism destinations. By adopting field work in Meijiawu, Longwu tea villages and Shangongou in Hangzhou, the paper makes an analysis of the cause and developing process of ＂the tragedy of commons ＂. The paper also discusses three institutional arrangements——local government-dominant system, investordominant system and collectivity-dominant system as its solution.