拉康的镜像理论与自我的建构

Lacan's Theory of the Mirror Phase and Self-construction

拉康认为,自我的建构离不开自身也离不开自我的对应物,即来自于镜中自我的影像;自我通过与这个影像的认同而实现。镜像阶段是一个自欺的瞬间,是一个由虚幻影像引起的迷恋过程,是想像性思维方式的起点。自我并不是自己的主宰;人们苦苦寻找自我,而当找到它时,它却外在于我们,总是作为一个他者而存在,被自身无法掌控的外部力量所决定,永久地被限定在与自己异化的境地。镜像阶段的想像性认同与人类知识同构,具有相似性。最后,笛卡儿式的主体不再能够自由地决定自己的生活,相反,该主体要受制于主体无法控制的外部力量。

Lacan holds that self-formation cannot be fulfilled without the self and its counterpart （ i. e. mirror-reflected self image） and self will be identified by the image. Mirror stage is a self-deception instant, a fascination caused by illusion, and a start of imaginative mode of thinking. The ego is not fully self-aware or in control of itself; people always strive to seek for the ego, and after find it, they finally identify the self in terms of the Other by which the ego＇ s perception of itself is shaped in alienation from it. The imaginative identification in the Mirror Stage has similar features with knowledge and its structure. In addition, Descartes＇ s subject fails to decide its life freely; to the contrary, it is subjected to the uncontrollable Other.