1Buller HR,Davidson BL,Decousus H,et al.Subcutaneous fondaparinux versus intravenous unfractionated heparin in the initial treatment of pulmonary embolism.N Engl J Med,2003,349:1695
2Eriksson BI,Bauer KA,Lassen MR,et al.Fondaparinux compared with enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after hip-fracture surgery.N Engl J Med,2001,345:1298
3Bauer KA,Eriksson BI,Lassen MR,et al.Fondaparinux compared with enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective major knee surgery.N Engl J Med,2001,345:1305
4Heit JA,Colwell CW,Francis CW,et al.Comparison of the oral direct thrombin after total knee replacement:a phase 2 dose-finding study.Arch Intern Med,2001,161:2215
5Reekers JA,Baarslag HJ,Koolen MG,et al.Mechanical thrombectomy for early treatment of massive pulmonary embolism.Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol,2003,26:246
6Muller-Hulsbeck S,Brossmann J,Jahnke T,et al.Mechanical thrombectomy of major and massive pulmonaryt embolism with use of the Amplatz thrombectomy device.Invest Radiol,2001,36:317
7Fava M,Loyola S,Huete I.Massive pulmonary embolism:treatment with the hydrolyser thrombectomy catheter.J Vasc Interv Radiol,2000,11:1159
8Schmitz-Rode T,Janssens U,Duda SH,et al.Massive pulmonary embolism:percutaneous emergency treatment by pigtail rotation catheter.J Am Coll Cardiol,2001,36:375
9Murphy JM,Mulvihi ll N,Mulcahy D,et al.Percutaneous catheter and guidewire fragmentation with local administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator as a treatment for massive pulmonary embolism.Eur Radiol,1999,9:956
10Uflacder R.Interventional therapy for pulmonary embolism.J Vasc Interv Radiol,2001,12:147
二级参考文献8
1Goldhaber SZ. Pulmonary embolism. Lancet, 2004, 363:1295
2Horlander KT, Mannino DM, Leeper KV. Pulmonary embolism mortality in the United States, 1979～1998: an analysis using multiple-cause mortality data. Arch Intern Med, 2003, 163:1711
3Reekers JA, Baarslag HJ, Koolen MG,et al. Mechanical thrombectomy for early treatment of massive pulmonary embolism. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2003, 26:246
4Zeni PT Jr, Blank BG, Peeler DW. Use of rheolytic thrombectomy in treatment of acute massive pulmonary embolism. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2003, 14:1511
6Johnson MJ. Current strategies for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolus. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2002, 13:13
7Deshpande KS, Hatem C, Karwa M,et al. The use of inferior vena cava filter as a treatment modality for massive pulmonary embolism. A case series and review of pathophysiology. Respir Med, 2002, 96:984
