棉花组织培养与植株再生

Cotton Tissue Culture and Plant Regeneration

棉花是世界上重要的纤维和油料作物。现代生物技术的不断发展为棉花育种和种质创新提供了新的技术手段,极大地推动了棉花育种的进程。现代生物技术在植物育种中的成功应用大多是依靠有效的再生体系的建立。因此棉花组织培养及其再生技术在品种改良、种质资源的繁殖和保存、杂种优势的固定和遗传转化等方面具有重要作用,颇受各国研究者的重视。本文综述了棉花的体细胞培养、花药培养、茎尖培养、胚珠和胚培养以及原生质体培养等方面近年来的主要研究进展,并提出了棉花组织培养中存在的主要问题及今后的研究方向。

Cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） is an important oilseed and fiber crop. Advanced biotechnology not only provides an innovation method for cotton breeding and germplasm multiply but also greatly accelerates the process of cotton breeding. The key to successful application of biotechnology in plant breeding is the establishment of an efficient regeneration system. The techniques of tissue culture and regeneration for cotton plants can be applied to cotton variety improvement, propagation and preservation of germplasm, inheritance of heterosis and genetic transformation. Therefore, in recent years, there has been increasing focus on the research of cotton tissue culture as the source of tissue explants for transforming cotton. In this paper, the recent progress on research of cotton tissue culture was reviewed including somatic cell culture, anther culture, shoot-tip culture, in vitro ovule culture and protoplast culture, and the future research works of this field were discussed.