滇东南岩溶山地3种人工林群落林下植物群落学特征比较

Ecological Characteristics of Understory Plants of Three Artificial Forests in Karst Mountain Area of Southeast Yunnan

通过样地法比较了川滇桤木(Alnusferdinandi-coburgii)、墨西哥柏(Cupressuslusitanica)、银荆(Acaciadealbata)3个人工林群落林下植物和次生灌丛的群落学特征。结果发现,3个群落都以高位芽植物为主,其次为地面芽植物;在高位芽植物中又都以小高位芽植物比例较高;其叶型谱以中型叶为主。生活型谱和叶型谱都与滇中亚热带常绿阔叶林的群落相似。从3种人工林的群落学特征看,以川滇桤木林的水热条件最好;川滇桤木林的物种多样性最高,说明川滇桤木林林下植物种类成分复杂,生境优越,群落破坏后恢复能力最强,最有利于向顶极演替发展。

The life form spectrum, leaf size spectrum, light and water eco-forms were investigated in understory plants of artificial Cupressus lusitanica forest, Acacia dealbata forest and Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii forest as well as secondary shrub community in karst mountain area in Yunnan. The results showed that phanerophytes was the dominant life form in the three forests, followed by hemicryptophytes. Micro-phanerophytes comprised highest percentage. The dominant leaf size of the three kinds in forests was mesophyl 1. The life form spectrum and leaf size spectrum in the forests were similar to those in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Middle Yunnan. Among the three plantations, A lnus ferdinandi-coburgii forest is shown to have good hydrothermal condition and species diversity, which is beneficial for vegetation restoration.