我国近十年斑疹伤寒疫情概况及分析

Analysis on the Epidemic Characteristics of Typhus from 1994 - 2003 in China

目的总结分析我国1994-2003年间斑疹伤寒流行概况,分析斑疹伤寒防治与监测实践中存在的问题,为未来防治斑疹伤寒提供主要策略和措施。方法收集1994-2003年全国各省、市、自治区疫情监测资料及对部分省、市流行病学调查资料进行分析。结果我国斑疹伤寒自20世纪80年代起开始下降,1996年降至最低点,其发病率为0．2482／10万,1997年开始回升,2000年上升到最高点,全国总的发病率为0．4906／10万。以后开始下降,一直到2003年发病率降至为0．3042／10万。2001年是我国近10年斑疹伤寒病死率最高的一年,病死率为0．18％。全国31个省、市、自治区均有发病,疫区主要集中在河北、山东、云南、辽宁、山西等省份。发病年龄主要为青壮年。发病季节为秋冬季。结论我国各省市自治区斑疹伤寒发病不均衡主要原因是某些省、市缺乏斑疹伤寒监测组织及专业人员以及医务人员对该病的认识不足,各地存在严重的误诊、漏诊现象。此外,流行性斑疹伤寒与地方性斑疹伤寒的分型鉴别是目前预防工作者急待解决的问题,为使我国斑疹伤寒发病率降至0．1000／10万,我们仍面临着长期而艰巨的任务。

Objective To summarize and analyze the epidemic characters of typhus 1994 to 2003 in China, and to find out the main problem existing in the control and prevention of typhus. Methods Datas of 31 provinces on the prevalence of typhus during 1994 to 2003 were collected and analyzed. Results The prevalence of typhus in China has been decreased from 1980＇ s to the lowest level 0.2482/100000 in 1996.After that it began to increase and the total prevalence of the nation was 0.4906/100000 in 2000 and then it began to decrease to a lower level of 0.3042/100000 in 2003.The highest fatality rate of typhus occurred in 2001 .It reached at 0.18% .All of 31 provinces had typhus cases reported.The epidemic areas were mainly located in Hebei, Shandong, Yannan, Liao- ning and Shanxi provinces. Young and middle aged people were main population suffering from, and fall and winter were the main seasons for disease ouset. Conclusion It is urgent for us to establish surveillance Lab in every province and set up the standard examination methods to avoid the diagnostic mistake and failing report. Besides, a rapid, sepecifive methods to identify the two types of typhus are also needed to he probed.