重庆市农村地区235名流行性乙型脑炎病例流行病学分析

An Epidemiological Analysis on 235 Cases of Epidemic Encephalitis B in the Rural Area of Chongqing Municipality

目的探讨乙脑在重庆市农村地区的流行规律,为制定针对性防制方案提供科学依据。方法对乙脑病例进行流行病学个案调查,采用血凝抑制试验(HI)测定病例血清乙脑IgM抗体。结果2003年6月22日至10月6日,临床诊断农村地区的乙脑病例235例,死亡19例,病死率为8．09％。男性占62．13％(146／235),女性占37．87％(89／235)。0-16岁均有发病,其中1-4岁发病最高,为54．47％(128／235),3-8岁和16岁组有病例死亡。有乙脑接种史的仅占7．66％(18／235)。家庭中蚊子密度高的占63．83％(150／235),有防蚊措施的仅占46．38％(109／235)。乙脑IgM抗体测定阳性率为84．11％(90／107)。结论提高农村地区的乙脑疫苗的接种率和接种质量,加强农村地区的卫生宣传,采取有效的防蚊灭蚊措施,是控制乙脑在农村地区发生和流行的关键。

Objective To probe the epidemic features of epidemic encephalitis B in the rural area of Chongqing municipality and provide scientific evidence for developing strategies for epidemic encephalitis B control and prevention. Methods All cases of epidemic encephalitis B were interviewed individually with epidemiolngical questionnaire. Blood sample were taken to test IgM antibody of epidemic encephalitis B. Results From June 22^nd to October 6^th, a total of 235 cases of epidemic encephalitis B in rural area were diagnosed clinically. 19 cases of them died, the mortality rate was 8.09%. 146 of them were male, which accounted for 62.1%. 89 of them were female, which accounted for 37.9% .Children from O to 16 years old infected epidemic encephalitis B, and the age peak of attack was from 1 to 4 years old, which accounted for 54.47% （128/235） .Among children from 3 to 8 years old and 16 year old, death cases occurred. 18 cases of 235 had vaccinated, which accounted for 7.66%. Families with high density of mosquito accounted for 63.83% （150/235） .Families with anti- mosquito measures accounted for 46.38% （109/235） .The positive rate of IgM antibody was 84.11% （90/235） . Conclusion Improving the vaccination rate of epidemic encephalitis B and ensuring the vaccination quality in rural area, and strengthening health propagation in rural area and effective measures are the key roles to control and prevent epidemic encephalitis B in the rural area.