尿液中的纳米微晶及其与尿石形成的关系

Nanocrystals in Urine and Its Relationship with Urinary Stone Formation

采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、纳米粒度仪和X射线衍射（XRD）比较研究了正常人与尿石患者尿液中纳米微晶的形貌、尺寸及其分布，讨论了尿液中纳米微晶生长并聚集为大尺寸晶体的动力学模型。正常人尿液中纳米微晶的形貌较为圆钝，尺寸分布均匀，大都在100～300nm之间；而患者尿液中的纳米微晶棱角较为尖锐，尺寸分布不均匀，从几十纳米到1000nm不等，这导致其聚集倾向增加，形成尿石的几率增大。上述差异归因于正常人尿液中抑制剂的浓度及其活性比尿石患者的高，能抑制尿液中纳米微晶的生长和聚集。本实验结果表明，采用物理化学的方法减小尿液中纳米微晶的尺寸差异可能是防止尿石形成的措施之一。

Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） , nanoparticle size analyzer and X-ray power diffraction（XRD） were used to investigate the morphology, size and the distribution of nanocrystals in ufine of lithogenic patients and healthy persons, respectively. The dynamic model of the growth and aggregation of nanocrystals to form larger crystals was discussed. Most of the nanocrystals in urine of healthy persons were round with sizes ranging from 100 to 300 nm. However, nanocrystals in lithogenic urine were sharp with sizes ranging from several tens to 1 000 nm, which increased the aggregation trend of nanocrystals and the probability of urinary stone formation. Experimental results indicated that the concentration and activity of urinary inhibitors in healthy urine were higher than those in lithogenic urine and these urinary inhibitors could inhibit the growth and aggregation of nonacrystals. Results also showed that the urinary stone formation could be .prevented by diminishing the size differentiation of nanocrystals in urine through physicalchemical process.