新安程氏统宗谱重构祖先谱系现象考

A Study of Creating Ancestor on Cheng’s Pedigrees in Xin’an Area

新安程氏的数部统宗谱,反映了不同时期新安程氏的祖先认知以及祖先谱系的重构过程。唐末程淘所撰之程氏世录,追溯祖先仅及十三世之前的忠壮公程灵洗;宋代程祁修撰的程氏族谱则将新安程氏定居祖追述到晋新安太守程元谭,将程氏祖先追溯到了重黎乃至黄帝;明景泰年间程孟所修《新安程氏诸谱会通》,则将新安程氏不同派系的谱系整理得相当清晰;清嘉庆及民国年间所修程氏支谱,则更加清楚地将世系从黄帝延续到了当时。新安程氏不同时期形成的几部族谱重构祖先谱系的历程,说明传统时期重构宗族祖先谱系的现象在徽州亦不例外。

Through a detailed research of several pedigrees spanning hundreds of years of Cheng clan in Xin＇an, this paper illustrates the Cheng＇s cognition on ancestor and their process of creating ancestor in different periods. In the Tang＇s genealogy, their image of ancestor was Cheng Lingxi, who was thirteen generations before. Yet in the Song dynasty, it went backward to Xin＇ an satrap Cheng Yuantan in Jin Dynasty as the first settle man, and ancestor is Zhongli or even Huangdi. In Ming Jing Tai era, all the pedigrees from different factions were cleared up explicitly. While in Qing Jia Qing era and the Republic of China, the pedigrees were much clearer that lineage was from Huangdi till then. That Cheng＇s process of creating ancestor in different times indicates that Huizhou was not an exception in the phenomenon of traditional clan ancestor creating.