寮村的“张公信仰”及其祭祀圈的扩大 当前中国东南宗族重建过程中村落文化整合的个案研究

“ZhangGong Worship” in Village Liao and the Enlargement of Its Religious Sphere:A Case Study of the Construction of Village Culture During the Revival of Lineage Organizations in Southeastern China

本文从文化人类学中的祭祀圈理论出发,以福建寮村民俗中的“张公信仰”为切入点,结合当前中国东南宗族重建的农村社会背景,描述了作为祭祀对象的“张公”从“私家神”到“角头神”再到“村落神”的发展历程。通过对“张公信仰”祭祀圈的扩大和巡神仪式中村落轮值制度的研究,提出了“现代宗族”的核心概念和“现代宗族家族化”的分析模式,讨论了在村落范围内公社集体主义体制解体以后,宗族集体主义和村落集体主义的共生共变所呈现的村落文化形态的新变化,在此基础上尝试展望村落集体主义文化整合对农村社会的影响。

Based on the religious sphere theory proposed by Japanese scholar Yuzuru Okada, this paper took “ZhangGong worship” in the local culture of Village Liao as a “cut-in” point and placed it in the sociocultural context of reviving lineage organizations in the rural areas. It described the developmental course of how ZhangGong started as a “private god” and then became a “corner god” and finally turned into a “village god.” The author presented a core concept of “modern lineage” and an analysis frame for the “clanization of the modern lineage” through his research on the enlargement of “ZhangGong worship” and the religious sphere, as well as the village’s routine of being on duty by turns in religious rituals. The paper further discussed the new changes in the rural cultural forms as a display of the co-emerging and co-varying of the collectivism in the lineage and in the village after the collectivism in the people’s commune had crumbled. Finally, the author previewed the influence of the cultural construction of village collectivism over rural society.