酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’养分累积动态及养分需求量的研究

Studies on the Requirement and Accumulative Trend of Nutrients in Wine Grape ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’

研究了酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’(Cabernet Sauvignon)整个生育期内N、P和K的动态变化及养分需求量。结果表明:葡萄叶片中N和P浓度变化较大,浆果膨大期至着色期,叶中N和P的浓度相对稳定;果实中K浓度的变化最大,浆果始熟期至采收期果实中K浓度较稳定;整个生育期内,赤霞珠葡萄N、P、K的累积量整体上均呈上升趋势,且在采收期达到最大值。每形成1000kg赤霞珠葡萄的养分需要量分别为:N5·95kg,P2O53·95kg,K2O7·68kg,N、P、K的吸收比例为10·0∶7·0∶13·0。建议浆果膨大期至着色期可作为N和P营养诊断的最适宜时期;N肥应重点施于葡萄花期之前,浆果膨大期至着色期可再适当补施;P肥重点施于浆果膨大期之前;浆果膨大期至着色期的糖分快速累积时期重施K肥。

The requirement and accumulative trend of N, P and K in wine grape ‘Cabemet Sauvignon＇ were studied. The results were showed that the leaf had the most variable nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, but during the stage from berry swelling to coloring, the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaf were relatively stable. Berry had the greatest change in potassium concentration, which was relatively stable during ripening. The amounts of N, P and K accumulated by Cabernet Sauvignon were tending to increase in whole growth stage and achieved the maximum amounts in ripening. The amounts of N, P2O5, and K2O required by Cabernet Sauvignon for producing 1 000 kg fruit was 5.95, 3.95 and 7.68 kg, respectively. The proportion of nutrients required by Cabernet Sauvignon was 10. 0： 7.0：13.0 （ N： P2O5 ： K2O）. Therefore, it was advised that the period during the stage from berry swelling to coloring was the optimum period to diagnose the status of nitrogen and phosphorus and N fertilizer should be mainly applied at blossom, phosphorus be applied before berry swelling and potassium be applied between berry swelling and coloring for the Cabernet Sauvignon.