苹果不同施肥方式对铁的吸收、运输与分配的影响

The Reaserch about the Absorption, Transportation and Distribution of Iron in Apple Trees by Using Different Fertilize Methods

红色邻二氮杂菲铁示踪结果表明:二价铁肥根系输液以二价态由根被动吸收,由靠近形成层的木质部,运输到根、茎、叶及其主脉内,运输速度每小时可达数十厘米。室内营养液培养的八棱海棠苗用59Fe示踪,结果表明,断根中分配的59Fe为19·3%,叶中70·9%,断1、2、3条根59Fe在叶中分配的比例分别为57·9%、63·6%和68·0%。铁肥树干强力高压注射以二价铁沿中央木质部的导管运输,大部分向下运往根系,根中贮存大量的铁,向上运输稍难。运输速度每小时达数百厘米,矫正缺铁失绿症的速度比根系输液慢,但由于根中贮存大量的铁,持效期较长。铁可以通过枝条和叶片进入树体并且运输。

The red O-phenanthroline Fe and ^59Fe was used to study the absorption, transportation and distribution of iron in the apple trees. Fe^2＋ was absorbed by root and transported to stem, leaves and main vein when iron fertilizer was root injected. Fe^2＋ was transported along xylem near cambium. The speed of transportation reached dozens centimeter per hour. Distribution of ^59Fe in cutting root and leaves was 19.3% and 70.9%, respectively. The ratio of iron distributed in leaves by cutting the one, two, three roots were 57.9%, 63.6% and 68.0%, respectively. When the trunk was injected with iron fertihzer with highpressure, Fe^2＋ was transported along the central xylem, most of Fe^2＋ was transported to the root and stored in it. The speed of transportation reached several hundreds centimeter per hour. When the trunk was injected with iron fertilizer, the covery of iron deficiency chlorosis trees was slower and the effect of correcting iron deficiency chlorosis lasted longer than iron fertilizer was root injected. Iron fertilizer could be absorbed and transported by branch and leaves.