关于周人女始祖姜嫄的几个问题

Several Questions of Jiangyuan, the Female Ancestor of the Zhou People

后稷本是其母姜嫄参加社祭后与某个姬姓男子野合而生,而史籍载为“履大迹”、“履大人迹”、践“巨人迹”,完全是出于儒家崇圣心理而对野合的巧妙掩盖;为了更神异其事,乃曰“履帝迹耳”,因为当时尚无“帝”、“上帝”的概念。姜嫄生活的时代,相当于中国古史传说的尧、舜、禹时期。当时盛行普那路亚婚(即外婚制),民“知母不知父”,因而后稷被其母姜嫄抛弃,既不是因为他无父而生,也不是因为他要接受图腾仪式的考验,而是因为他出生时“胎生如卵”(带胞生),形体异常,古人以为妖异而不祥,所以被抛弃。

Houji was born by Jiangyuan who got pregnancy with a man surnamed Ji after attending a sacrificial ceremony, while it is also recorded in some historical books that Jiangyuan got pregnancy after stepping the footprints of a giant, which is absolutely for the purpose of concealing the fact of wild sexual relationship of the sacred. In Jiangyuan＇s time, which was equivalent to the Yao, Shun and Yu Periods in China＇s ancient history, Punaluan marriage system （only mothers were known, fathers not） was very popular. Therefore, the reason why Houii was abandoned was not that his father was unknown, or he had to accept the experiment of totem ritual, but that he was born “egg-like” （wrapped in afterbirth）, a rare and hoodooing phenomenon at the time.