上海市居民膳食结构变化趋势分析

The changing trend of the dietary patterns in Shanghai residents

[目的]了解1982～2002年上海市居民膳食结构的变化趋势。[方法]利用1982、1992和2002年全国营养调查上海地区资料，对上海市居民的膳食结构状况进行分析。[结果]20年来随着居民生活水平的提高，上海市居民的膳食结构也发生了很大的变化。能量和蛋白质的摄入能够满足需要；优质蛋白质的比例上升；蔬菜和水果的摄入量均有较大幅度提高；畜禽肉类和水产品的摄入量增加；奶类及其制品和豆类及其制品的摄入量也有增加。但同时畜禽肉类等动物性食物在食物中所占的比重越来越大，谷类食物在膳食中的比重逐渐减少，油脂和盐消费过多，蔬菜水果消费仍不足，奶类及其制品和豆类及其制品的摄入量尚需增加。钙、维生素A等营养素缺乏依然存在；脂肪供能比达到36％，超过中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量和世界卫生组织推荐的30％的上限。[结论]还需进一步加强营养干预，调整膳食结构，预防营养相关性疾病的发生。

[ Objective ] To know the changing trend of dietary patterns in Shanghai residents during 1982 -2002. [Methods] The study was based on data collected in 1982,1992 and 2002 Shanghai nutrition surveys. The 24 h dietary recall method for 3 consecutive days was used in dietary surveys. Weighing method was used for food/condiment intake. [ Results ] The dietary pattern of Shanghai residents had changed a great deal during 1982 -2002. The results showed that the daily consumption of vegetative food, especially cereals was declining while the consumption of animal food, especially meat was increasing in the residents. However the consumption of legumes, milk and their produces still needs increasing. The consumption of edible oil and table salt needs decreasing. The intake of calcium and vitamin A remained at insufficient level. The proportion of energy from fat was increasing, the percentage of energy from fat reached 36%. [ Conclusion] More attention should be paid to the potential health problems caused by dietary changes. Reasonable direction for food consumption, adjustment of dietary pattern, prevention and control of related diseases should be done.