宋代畲族史的几个关键问题——刘克庄《漳州谕畲》新解

On the Several Key Problems on the She Clan(畲族)in Song Dynasty——A Reinterpreting on Liu Kezhuang(刘克庄)'s Order about the She Clan in Zhangzhou Area

本文对于宋代畲族史提出了如下新观点:一、唐末五代出现的“畲山儿”一词,是畲族酝酿时期的称呼;南宋中叶《舆地纪胜》使用的“山客輋”,则是正式作为后世畲族族称的最早史例;南宋末期,赣、闽、粤之交的漳、汀、潮、梅、赣五州毗邻区域已成为畲族的基本住地。二、畲族族源主要包含百越后裔、南迁武陵蛮和入畲而被畲化了的汉人三大部分。三、畲族的汉化进程,是与畲族的形成发展史相伴相随的,南宋中后期湘、赣、闽、粤的大规模畲民抗争运动,可说是畲族汉化的正式启动时期。

This thesis puts forward three new viewpoints as following： First, sheshaner （畲山儿）, a term appearing in the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties, was used to address the She nationality during the fermenting times. But the term Shanleeshe （山客 ）, adopted by a book named Yu Di Ji Sheng （ 《舆地纪胜》）, written in the Mid Southern Song Dynasty, is later regarded as the formal name for the She nationality. In the late Southern Song Dynasty, the adjacent area of Zhangzhou, Tingzhou, Chaozhou, Meizhou and Ganzhou had become residential bases for the She people. Second, the origins of She nationalty involve three major sources： the descendant of Baiyue clan （百越）, Wulingman （武陵蛮）, and some Han nationality people converted to She nationalty. Third, the Hanization process of She nationalty has been going along with the evolution of the She nationality. The She people＇ uprisings in the Mid and Late Southern Song Dynasty may be seen as the beginning of this kind of Hanization.