北魏后期官僚管理制度的两个特点

The Two Traits of the System For Managing Bureaucrat during the Later Period of The Northern Wey Dynasty

宣武帝“正始泛阶”以后,北魏在考课制度和选举制度两个方面将地方官与中央官相区别,中央散官与中央职事官相区别。产生这两个特点的背景是,王朝在设计官僚迁转模式时,要求地方官与中央散官互相“对流”。在这种对流的背景下,北魏最终出现了“停年格”这一选举制度。王朝的政策对北魏后期的官制产生了较大影响,一是加剧了人们对散官的歧视,二是进一步降低了地方官的待遇,并最终刺激了“重内轻外”观念的发生。

The Northern Wey differentiated the local officials from the central ones, the central officials at leisure from those at posts in the two systems of merit-testing and election after the emperor of Xuanwu＇s awarding one grade to all the officials. The background to make the difference was that the government required the local officials and the central officials at leisure to mutually move when planning the moving model for the bureaucrats. And under the background of mutual moving, the Northern Wey created the system to elect officials by their suspension years at last. The politics adopted by the palace deeply influenced the Later Northern Wey＇s bureaucratic system： it strengthened the people＇s disdainful idea to the free official, degraded the local officials, and finally resulted in the idea of thinking highly of the central officials while despising the local ones.