国内外关于主观幸福感影响因素研究述评

Review on Domestic and Overseas Researches of Affecting Factors of Subjective Well-being

近年来,国内外学者对主观幸福感影响因素的研究一般涉及个体的主、客观因素,在遗传、文化、家庭环境、经济、社会支持、生活事件、人格、自我效能感、应对方式与主观幸福感的关系上得出了一些重要结论。但这些研究普遍存在着测量工具不一致、因果关系模糊及测量中存在着的社会赞许性、认知偏差、反应定势等,难以形成较有说服力的结论。因此,将来的相关研究中,在研究对象上应更多关注特殊群体;在研究技术上应充分整合认知神经科学和生物学的研究技术;在研究方法上则应尽可能多地运用结构方程模型、多层线性模型、元分析和数据追踪技术。

In recent years, researchers in and out of China have studied the factors of subjective wellbeing often focusing on the subjective factors and objective ones of the individual, and they＇ve got conclusions from the relationship between subjective well-being and inheritance, culture, family environment, economy, social support, life events, personality, self-efficiency, and ways of coping. However, these researches generally have problems such as applying inconsistent measuring tools, having unclear causality, existing social desirability, cognitive bias, response set during measuring process. Thus they cannot get convincing conclusions. Therefore, in future, the relevant study should pay more attention to special groups, research methods and fully integrate research techniques of cognitive science and biology, and should use Structural Equation Modeling, Multilevel Liner Modeling, Element Analysis and Longitudinal Data Analysis in research methods as much as possible.