学校评优标准的历史变迁——以福州启知学校为个案的社会学研究

The Historical Change of the Selection Standard toward Excellent Students——The Sociology Research about the Case of QizhiI School in Fuzhou

从教育社会学角度看,学校评优标准是评价规范学生的一种规则。本论文以福州某中学为个案,对该中学百年来学校评优标准的发展变迁进行了描述,认为学校评优标准的发展变迁经历了五个时期,并进一步指出,学校评优标准的变迁具有两个特征——是连续的不是断裂的;是渐进性的“变革”不是突发性的“革命”;三个发展趋向——从重视先赋性因素的评价向重视后致性因素的评价转变,评价对象越来越个人化;从显性的评价转变到隐性的评价,评价形式越来越隐蔽;从抽象的概括性评价转变到具体的技术性评价,评价技术越来越精细。

The selection standard toward excellent students is the norm that the school evaluates excellent students, by which the country and the society control the students. The article focuses on the development of the selection standard, and find out it＇s two characters： continuous but not isolated; slowly ＂reform＂ rather than ＂revolution＂. The selection standard also present in three orientations： first, from placing the importance on the factor of sponsored to the factor of contested; second, from distinct to indistinct; third, from the abstract general evaluation to the concrete technical one.